What is the significance of biofilm in chronic wounds?

Biofilms play a critical role in the pathology of chronic wounds. They are composed of a structured community of microorganisms, such as bacteria, that adhere to surfaces and are encased in a self-produced extracellular matrix. In chronic wounds, biofilms can inhibit healing because they create a chronic inflammatory response and resist the effects of both the host's immune system and antibiotic treatments. This results in persistent infections that can complicate the healing process. The presence of biofilms contributes to the wound becoming stalled or slow to heal, often necessitating more aggressive interventions to eliminate the biofilm and promote healing. Thus, the significance of biofilms in chronic wounds directly relates to their capacity to hinder healing and perpetuate infection.